Pacific labour mobility examples. 05 billion in development assistance to the Pacific.


Pacific labour mobility examples. au, +64 27 454 1808. develop a regional labour mobility strategy; and In February 2023, Forum Leaders tasked the Secretariat to work with all participating countries to hold further dialogue to better understand the challenges and opportunities presented by labour mobility. Improved access to Mar 21, 2024 · To date, 6,721 Solomon Islanders have participated in the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme, working in a range of industries in Australia, including agriculture, meat processing and aged care. The PLMAM has been established as the preeminent regional meeting on labour mobility, designed to advance regional cooperation under the Arrangement on Labour Abstract In Australia, past and present, Pacific Islanders have been labelled as undesirable others, included to temporarily fill labour shortages as required, controlled while resident in the country and removed when no longer deemed necessary. The design of the questionnaires and the samples benefited from technical inputs from the Tonga Statistics Departments, Pacific consultants, and academic experts specialized in Pacific labor mobility and How to apply The Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme gives Pacific island and Timor-Leste workers an opportunity access a range of short-term and long-term jobs in Australia through their governments' labour sending units (LSUs). Eligibility There are a number of eligibility requirements for employers interested in recruiting workers from Pacific island countries and Timor-Leste for unskilled, low-skilled, and semi-skilled positions through the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme. When a seasonal worker program for the Pacific was first being considered, it met with some stiff opposition. Analyzing nearly 200 studies, it highlights varying results regarding the development effects of labour mobility, with some studies noting positive impacts while others indicate negative consequences. Jun 29, 2022 · Abstract Circular labor mobility provides opportunities for Pacific Islanders to upskill whilst alleviating labor shortages in Australia and New Zealand. Examples include the establishment of the Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting (PLMAM), which provides FICs with an opportunity for high-level regional cooperation, not only in strengthening the existing mobility schemes and exploring new opportunities with Australia and New Zealand, but also enhancing intra-Pacific l Greater labour mobility would expand the employment options available to Pacific Islanders, but it is currently limited and skewed in favour of skilled workers. The study featured approximately 450 in-depth interviews with temporary migrant workers, their families, communities, and employers. Jul 26, 2024 · A scoping study by the PACER Plus Implementation Unit in early 2023 identified the health sector as priority and recommended a short-term pilot programme to trial intra-Pacific labour mobility and to later inform the design of a more sustainable longer term labour mobility scheme for the country. It provides an overview of labour mobility in the context of climate change, discusses the impact of labour mobility on climate change adaptation and makes recommendations for policy Recruitment The Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme is a demand-driven program that allows Australian employers to hire workers from 9 Pacific islands and Timor-Leste when there are not enough local workers available. Overview of labour mobility in the Pacific Region The Pacific Islands region has long been characterised by substantial migration flows. Managed circular schemes are designed to Improving Outcomes of Pacific Labor Mobility for Women, Families, and Communities: Insights from Kiribati, Tonga, and Vanuatu is a comprehensive qualitative study conducted in 2021 that sheds light on the social and gender dimensions of labor mobility. Remoteness and low economic density are two causes. Regional Principles on Labour Mobility. The Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme is one of Australia’s temporary migration programs to address unskilled, low-skilled, and semi-skilled workforce shortages in rural and regional Australia and is built on strong partnerships between Australia, Pacific island nations and Timor-Leste. Employers therefore play a critical role in the success of Pacific labour mobility. Examples include the establishment of the Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting (PLMAM), which provides FICs with an opportunity for high-level regional cooperation, not only in strengthening the existing mobility schemes and exploring new opportunities with Australia and New Zealand, but also enhancing intra-Pacific l The number of Australia’s Pacific Labour Mobility Scheme visa holders has surged in the last five years, from 6,000 in 2019 to more than 32,000 as of May 2024, and eligible employment sectors have expanded. The 2025 Worker Forum, held on 6–7 October in Honiara, Solomon Islands, brought together 40 returned Solomon Island workers to discuss The programs are also central to Australia’s stepped-up engagement with our Pacific neighbours and Timor-Leste, providing employment opportunities for Pacific and Timorese workers to develop skills, earn income and send home remittances to support their families and the economic growth of their countries. June 2023 Past research highlights the economic gains from labour mobility, especially in terms of income and remittances, for example: The labour mobility schemes aim to promote development in Pacific sending countries through remittances and skills transfers while also responding to extreme labour shortages in Australia and New Zealand. Labour mobility is key to the future of many Pacific island countries, and an important research focus area for Devpolicy. It also helps address labour shortages in rural and regional Australia. Apr 11, 2025 · Thus, a seasonal labour mobility arrangement such as RSE programme reflects the desire of the destination countries to bring in ‘labour’ but not ‘people’ (Wickramasekara, 2011) and does so specifically in relation to a racialised social construction of Pacific people and their value as migrants. The PLMAM has been established as the preeminent regional meeting on The Pacific Livelihoods Research Group seeks to understand these processes and their uneven impacts by focusing on three main areas: land, labour and mobility. Beginning today, Samoa will host the 2022 Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting (PLMAM), an event that brings together stakeholders from across the Pacific region, including New Zealand and Australia, to advance regional cooperation on labour mobility. For example, Tonga saw 11 per cent of the labour force participating in the PALM scheme; for Tuvalu and Vanuatu, this figure was 8 per cent (figure 2b). All workers can gain valuable skills, experience and income to take back to their families and communities. Questions & Answers Frequently asked questions What is labour mobility? Labor mobility is when workers can move around between different countries. Through temporary employment in New Zealand, Pacific workers can earn higher incomes and remit these earnings back to their communities in the Pacific. In 2006, an influential report from the World Bank recommended [pdf] that pilot mobility schemes be pursued ‘between Pacific populations and other nations with an economic need for unskilled labour and a development interest in the Pacific region’. Conduct information sharing sessions and workshops between labour sending units, government, and non-government organizations in the Pacific Island Countries. PIFS Cataloguing-in-Publication data Comprehensive Assessment of Regional and Sun-Regional Labour Mobility Arrangements in the Pacific : December 2022 / [prepared by] Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat . AI This systematic literature review examines the economic and social impacts of international labour mobility schemes between Pacific countries and New Zealand and Australia. Increasing options for the movement of people to jobs provides a ‘triple win’ for the workers and their families; the countries they come from; and the countries they work in. These trends reflect the persistent neoliberalism within contemporary Australia, as well as the effects of structural dynamics within the global Pacific Labour Mobility Survey (PLMS) Long-term collaboration between the World Bank and the Development Policy Centre on Pacific migration research A flagship activity of the Pacific Research Program since 2019 Independent survey of migrant workers and households spanning multiple sending and receiving countries Apr 14, 2025 · Pacific Island countries are starting to explore opportunities with each other to fill labor shortages and offer opportunities. The scheme was The Pacific Labor Mobility Survey (i. Australia is the region’s largest and longest standing development partner. Dec 8, 2022 · In early November, over 150 delegates from around the Pacific, including government and employer representatives from Australia and New Zealand, gathered in Apia, Samoa for the fifth Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting (PLMAM). The survey, conducted between Today, increases of so-called ‘low-skilled’ and temporary labour migrations of Pacific Islanders to Australia occur alongside calls for Indigenous people to ‘orbit’ from remote communities in search of employment opportunities. This project is jointly implemented by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and International Labour Organization (ILO). 25911 Nov 8, 2023 · Australia's 2018 introduction of the Pacific Labour Scheme (PLS) broadened the scope and duration of labour mobility pathways available to Pacific Island countries. in greater In mobility pathways. 05 billion in development assistance to the Pacific. One of the arguments against the scheme was that it would be a Jun 26, 2025 · Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme for new workers From July 2023, the Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP) and the Pacific Labour Scheme (PLS) have been consolidated under the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme. What is the opportunity? international labour migration is a significant opportunity for Pacific Island countries. Australia has also added a new permanent migration pathway, the Pacific Engagement Visa, which works on a ballot system. Pacific labour mobility is central to the Australian Government’s commitment to make Australia the partner of choice for our region. This project is jointly implemented by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). 2020. 🇹🇴 From humble beginnings growing up in Tonga, Losaline knew the value of hard work. Co-ordinated efforts by multiple New Zealand government agencies help to ensure the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) labour mobility scheme promotes development in Pacific Island partner countries. Nov 19, 2023 · The Pacific Labour Mobility Survey will continue to gather information on the same variables from the same people in future rounds of data collection. She started as a process worker and is now a Production Floor Trainer at a leading food processing site. Through the PALM scheme, eligible businesses can recruit workers for short-term jobs for up to 9 months or long-term roles for between one and 4 years in unskilled, low-skilled and semi-skilled Introduction The Strengthening Pacific Labour Mobility Programme (the Programme) supports nine Pacific Island Countries (PICs) to gain economic and social benefits from remittances and skills by building labour mobility capacity. which result particular, PNG, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Kiribati are both poor and isolated, with few labour countries, an accident of history. These workers make a positive contribution to the Australian communities they join, and their communities at home in Solomon Islands also benefit. Primarily low-skilled migration for seasonal horticulture and viticulture work in Australia and New Zealand. Although longer term temporary mig All employees under the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme and the Vietnam Labour Mobility Arrangement (VLMA) have the same workplace entitlements and protections as other employees in Australia. These earnings help to achieve workers’ financial goals, including paying school fees In light of these challenges of the region and opportunities provided by labour mobility schemes, outward labour migration is popular in the Pacific islands. edu. The Pacific Possible: Labour Mobility paper explores the potential benefits of labour mobility by In this report we sometimes use the word ‘scheme’ when referring generally to the Seasonal Worker Programme, Pacific Labour Scheme or the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme. The labour demand in Cook Islands and Niue are relatively more aligned to the priority development sectors in Pacific labour sending countries. Safety and wellbeing in Australia's Pacific labour mobility scheme Research report Safety and wellbeing in Australia's Pacific labour mobility scheme Research report October 2023 DOI: 10. The report brings together analysis of both existing data and primary data collected through a series of phone-based quantitative surveys on Pacific seasonal workers, their IOM works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners and is dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all. It presents empirical evidence from research with 33 Pacific Islanders who grow crops in their home countries and were employed in Australia’s Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP). Today, she owns land, has May 1, 2024 · or its impacts. Nicholas Hoare To cite this article: Nicholas Hoare (2020): Labour Lines and Colonial Power: Indigenous and Pacific Islander Labour Mobility in Australia, The Journal of Pacific History, DOI: 10. THE PACIFIC LABOR MOBILITY SCHEMES: OVERVIEW Pacific labor mobility (LM) schemes: the primary labor mobility channels for ni-Vanuatu. She started as a process worker and is now a Production Provide a world class example of best practice in worker well-being and experiences of labour mobility. Executive Summary Over the last decade, research and policy reviews have analysed different aspects of international labour mobility schemes between Pacific countries and New Zealand and Australia. . It covers how Pacific migration has evolved from the initial colonial histories Dec 17, 2024 · They were translated into Bislama, Gilbertese and Tongan, scripted into CAPI/CATI programs, tested and piloted before being finalized. In 2012, she got the opportunity to work on an almond farm in Australia through the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme, and it changed her life. Suva, Fiji : Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, 2022. Pacific labour mobility fosters links between people, businesses, and communities Dec 14, 2024 · This year’s Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting (PLMAM), held under the banner “Collectively Building Resilience”, took place in Brisbane from 11 to 14 November 2024. First Intra- Pacific Labour Mobility Pilot, first Managed bilateral Labour Mobility arrangement within the Pacific Current 3 retired Nurses in Niue who will be finishing off June Mid term review was completed in April, Niue Delegation Visited Honiara and confirmed other interest in other skilled area for SI to support them. Minimise negative impacts on home communities arising from worker absences, skills acquisition or social remittances. 1726476 Pacific Island countries are asserting their needs more boldly in international engagements, asking for better deals on trade, labour mobility, digital connectivity and climate resilience. Mobilities and labour Mobility has been in the academic spotlight at least since the 1980s, in the wake of globalisation studies (Salazar 2013), together with post-modern trends, which called for a theoretical breach in an academic scene dominated by perspectives on structures, territory and stasis (examples of this breach can be found in Cliford 1997; Deleuze and Guattari 1987; de Certeau Executive Summary This annual progress report focuses on results achieved under the ‘Labour Mobility for Sustainable Development and Climate Resilience in the Pacific’ project from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023. Losaline’s goals were clear from the beginning - she longed for land to build a home and hoped one day to own a car. The scheme allows participating workers to work in seasonal agricultural jobs for up to 9 months, or in longer-term jobs for between 1 and 4 years. LM schemes Labour mobility is central to Australia’s engagement with the Pacific and Timor-Leste, providing jobs for Pacific and Timor-Leste workers and enabling them to develop skills, earn income and support their families and communities back home. It explores why migration is so critical for the region, determining that the economic geography of the islands make it a necessity to maintain reasonable living standards. The Pacific islands have weak economic growth and limited structural change compared to the rest of developing Asia. Alongside PACER Plus, the Parties concluded a Labour Mobility Arrangement (LMA) which provides a new platform for enhanced dialogue and regional cooperation on labour mobility. Aug 7, 2023 · A combined total of almost 48,000 visas were issued to workers participating in Australia’s PALM (Pacific Australia Labour Mobility) scheme and New Zealand’s RSE (Recognised Seasonal Employer) scheme between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023 – virtually double the 24,975 visas issued in 2018-19, the last full year of recruitment pre-COVID. The following key results, which She has been involved in research and evaluation work on Pacific labour mobility since 2007 with the commencement of New Zealand’s RSE scheme, and more recently, on Australia’s Pacific-focused temporary labour schemes as well as working on broader aspects of regional labour mobility. Dec 13, 2024 · This year’s Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting (PLMAM), held under the banner “Collectively Building Resilience”, took place in Brisbane from 11 to 14 November 2024. Migration offers formal employment opportunities and higher earnings. Minimise negative impacts on host communities, and ensure that workers match opportunities. In putting together this publication, we hope to provide readers with a sample of commentary on Pacific labour mobility, with the aim of illuminating opportunities for growth and improved human development outcomes in the region, and the role that Australia can play to Since arriving in Queensland just eight months ago through the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme Sereima has already made her mark. develop a regional platform for decision-making on labour mobility and policy support; 2. At the same time, labour mobility participation has been associated with decreased climate resilience. Organised by the PACER Plus Implementation Unit (PPIU), the event, which has become the pre-eminent regional meeting on labour mobility, attracted more than 350 delegates from around the region, including government A combined total of almost 48,000 visas were issued to workers participating in Australia’s PALM (Pacific Australia Labour Mobility) scheme and New Zealand’s RSE (Recognised Seasonal Employer) scheme between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023 – virtually double the 24,975 visas issued in 2018-19, the last full year of recruitment pre-COVID. Financial and material remittances should both be factored into labour mobility research to understand effects in Pacific societies, says Rochelle Bailey. This systematic literature review (SLR) takes stock of these studies and asks what they individually and collectively reveal about their economic and social value, and their development impact in OUTCOMES DOCUMENT The 2023 Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting (PLMAM) was convened on 20-24 November 2023 at the Warwick Le Lagon Resort & Spa in Port Vila, Vanuatu. Technical presentations were made at the Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meetings on good governanc agement in the UN Network for Migration. Mar 22, 2021 · Abstract. This systematic literature review (SLR) takes stock of these studies and asks what they individually and collectively reveal about their economic and social value, and their development impact in Pacific countries a higher GDP have the fewest labour mobility r flects higher opportunities. In this rapidly changing environment we seek to understand how people are positioned differently,… 4 days ago · Regional - Since arriving in Queensland just eight months ago through the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme Sereima has already made her mark. 1. This offers us the chance to continue capturing their stories over time. Another incentive is skills development and opportunities for skills transfer to support local private sector development. In putting together this publication, we hope to provide readers with a sample of commentary on Pacific labour mobility, with the aim of illuminating opportunities for growth and improved human development outcomes in the region, and the role that Australia can play to Nov 16, 2023 · The Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting provides a critical platform for Pacific countries to not only discuss issues but to determine policy solutions to address these issues. It ofers or its impacts. Greater labour mobility would expand the employment options available to Pacific Islanders, but it is currently limited and skewed in favour of skilled workers. Data collection and sharing of International Labour Migration Statisti The Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme allows eligible Australian businesses to hire workers from 9 Pacific islands and Timor-Leste when there are not enough local workers available. Alongside our development program we are leveraging a broad range of national assets to support our Pacific family, including our longstanding security and cooperation, and access to labour market and migration The seasonal labor mobility opportunities provided by Australia and New Zealand have had positive impacts in the Pacific to date, but a key question is whether scope exists to expand these programs. Increased labour mobility among Pacific Island Forum Members, in particular increased access for Pacific Island Country workers to the Australia and New Zealand labour markets, has long been an objective of Pacific Island political leaders. Jan 1, 2023 · This paper argues that international labour mobility programmes provide an avenue for knowledge exchange that can support climate change adaptation in agriculture. Past studies have sought to understand the value of the labor schemes, yet very few have focused on the experiences of i-Kiribati participants. Contact: charlotte. The Labour Mobility and Social Inclusion (LMI) Division is responsible for overseeing the labour migration, migrant integration and training activities of the Organization. Australia and New Zealand have committed to funding an annual regional meeting on Pacific Labour Mobility (the ‘PLMAM’), which will become the principal forum for advancing regional labour mobility initiatives Executive Summary This final report focuses on results achieved under the ‘Labour Mobility for Sustainable Development and Climate Resilience in the Pacific’ project from 9 August 2022 to 8 February 2025. Support the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) in the development of the Pacific Regional Labour Mobility Principles to strengthen migration governance (with ILO). The term of employment under this program is 12 months minimum and 3 years maximum under the Horticulture and Viticulture, Hospitality, Abattoirs and Age care. In 2024–25, Australia will provide a record $2. FACT SHEET single, consolidated Pacific labour mobility scheme From 4 April 2022, existing Pacific worker programs will be replaced by a new, single Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme, simplifying administration and reducing duplication. Pacific countries a higher GDP have the fewest labour mobility r flects higher opportunities. In 2018-19, the last full year of recruitment pre-COVID, 3,013 Samoan citizens were mobilised for work across both countries. Australia is pleased Apr 5, 2023 · As climate change increases the frequency and severity of such disasters, labour mobility incomes may play an important role in facilitating relocation away from areas of high risk and aid in the recovery process. How do workers from the Pacific feel about participating in labor mobility programs in Australia and New Zealand? What are the benefits of these migration schemes, and do they outweigh other impacts? The World Bank has spent the past three years reviewing policies, conducting interviews of those directly involved in the schemes, and analyzing collected data. There is scope to increase labour mobility from the PICs to PNG by improving the collection of labour market data, promoting the MSG SMS, increased eforts by Labour Departments and the introduction of a preferential work permit scheme for Pacific Islanders in PNG. Abstract This paper provides a review of the existing evidence relating to migration and labor mobility across the Pacific Island countries. The promotion of Pacific labour mobility has widespread, bipartisan support in Australia these days, but it wasn’t always so. A 'Triple-Win This Policy Brief which is prepared under the Pacific Climate Change Migration and Human Security (PCCM-HS) programme aims to narrow the gap in understanding the link between climate change and labour mobility. One in every three international migrants globally originates from the region, making it a key driver of global labour mobility. Samoa’s participation in New Zealand’s Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) scheme and the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme has increased significantly in the aftermath of the pandemic. The following key results were achieved, aligned Nov 6, 2023 · Labour mobility is activated by unmet labour demand by employers in labour receiving countries. bedford@anu. The Pacific Labour Scheme or PLS is known as the Australian program that provides long term employment under the Labour Mobility Program. Mar 4, 2023 · Mr Bongmegal is one of more than 25,000 seasonal workers who are helping to address critical labour shortages in Australia, under the federal government's Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM Freedom of movement of labour is a core element of the economic integration between Australia and New Zealand and the European Union. To mitigate these constraints, bilateral arrangements with Australia and New Zealand let Pacific workers seasonally migrate to access higher-paying, more dynamic labor markets. The PALM scheme contributes to the economic development of the Pacific region and Timor-Leste by generating remittances and building skills that workers can use when they return home. In line with the International Development Policy, Pacific labour mobility is a long-term commitment based on respect, listening, and learning from each other. Dec 17, 2023 · Labor mobility delivers net benefits to Pacific workers and familiesThe Gains and Pains of Working Away from Home, a joint study between the World Bank and the Development Policy Centre, Australian National University, documents the economic and social impacts of Pacific labor mobility schemes with fresh quantitative data from the Pacific Labor Mobility Survey. Tourism for example is a priority sector for almost all Pacific Island Countries hence labour mobility to Cook Islands, with its Nov 15, 2023 · Document Name Pacific Labor Mobility: The Benefits, Concerns, and Opportunities Document Date 11/15/2023 05:28:00 PM Web Publish Date 11/15/2023 05:29:00 PM Authors The World Bank Document Type Report (Report) Language English Country Fiji,Samoa,Tonga,Vanuatu,Kiribati,Marshall Islands,Micronesia, Federated States of,Solomon Islands,Tuvalu,Papua MFAT Management Response to Strengthening Pacific Labour Mobility 23of 4 Dec 7, 2022 · In early November, over 150 delegates from around the Pacific, including government and employer representatives from Australia and New Zealand, gathered in Apia, Samoa for the fifth Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting (PLMAM). Pacific Islanders’ experiences in Australia reveal the inception, continuity and durability of differential inclusion produced by border control In early November, over 150 delegates from around the Pacific, including government and employer representatives from Australia and New Zealand, gathered in Apia, Samoa for the fifth Pacific Labour Mobility Annual Meeting (PLMAM). , the onsite survey and household survey) contains a gender module that includes questions on: perceptions of whether seasonal work is equally suitable for men and women from their home country; perceptions of women that participate in labor mobility; changes in gender norms due to temporary labor Nov 15, 2023 · The PLMAM provides an opportunity for labour receiving and labour sending countries as well as other relevant organisations to come together to determine collective solutions that can maximise the positive impacts of labour mobility in the region whilst mitigating the negatives. The PLMAM has been established as the preeminent regional meeting PIFS – IOM MoU signed on 6 April 2023 to support the development of a regional labor mobility strategy, fostering cooperation in trade and labor mobility within the Pacific Pacific workers are at the heart of Pacific labour mobility. In the past, they have mostly consisted of permanent migration flows directed to the Pacific Rim. Pacific Islander seasonal worker in Australia The Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme is a guest worker program that allows Australian businesses to hire temporary workers from nine Pacific island countries and Timor-Leste. Papua New Guinea has labour mobility arrangements with Australia through the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme and New Zealand through the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) scheme. Labour migration Labour migration is the predominant form of cross-border mobility in Asia and the Pacific, with 63 per cent of working-age international migrants engaged in labour, totalling around 24 million people. The Recognised Seasonal Employer Scheme is the primary vehicle through which New Zealand offers labour mobility opportunities to Pacific countries. While the numbers of international migrants from, and within, the Pacific are small in overall terms, the importance of labour mobility and its impact on societies and economies in many parts of the Pacific cannot be underestimated. 1080/00223344. e. This report is part of a broader analytical work program on labor mobility in the Pacific that the World Bank has been undertaking with financial support from the Australian Department of Foreign Afairs and Trade. 0yvvjv xvt1v 5jbe51 d1c en7aiu cxi ayhx 80pgl du 9j